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Tier 4

Interim Tier 4 and Tier 4 Technologies

Tier 4 is more than just emissions. It’s about changing the world for better. Here are several common Interim Tier 4 and Tier 4 technologies.

High-Pressure Common Rail Fuel System (HPCR)

The fuel injection system is a major area of focus for advancement towards clean operating diesel engines. HPCR is an advanced fuel injection design that regulates fuel pressure and injection timing.

Fuel Pressure

  • The pump applies high pressure to fuel (22,000 – 34,000 psi)
  • The common rail stores pressurized fuel
  • The injectors deliver fuel to the engine

Injection Timing
The electronic control unit (ECU) precisely controls injectors to allow multiple fuel injections during each combustion cycle.

HPCR Benefits
High pressure transforms fuel into extremely fine mist as it leaves the injectors. Fuel mist combusts (burns) more thoroughly.

  • Lower Operating Costs: When fuel combusts more thoroughly, less fuel is needed to run the engine. The result is improved fuel economy.
  • Cleaner Exhaust: More thorough combustion leaves less leftover fuel in the exhaust. The result is cleaner exhaust.

When fuel is injected multiple times during each combustion cycle, the combustion lasts longer to create more energy and lower peak engine cylinder pressure.

  • Better Performance: Creating more energy during combustion results in more torque output from the engine.
  • More Operator Comfort: Lower peak engine cylinder pressure reduces engine noise levels.

Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC) and Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF)

DOC/DPF systems are highly effective at reducing particulate matter (PM) contained in engine exhaust.

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Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR)

Engine exhaust is transformed by SCR to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx). SCR uses an ammonia and water-based liquid called Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF). Combining exhaust with DEF causes it to react with a SCR catalyst. This reaction turns harmful NOx into harmless nitrogen and water vapor.

Teaming up for Tier 4

In many situations, DOC/DPF or SCR systems are enough to reach Interim Tier 4 requirements. To meet more stringent Tier 4 regulations, many machines will utilize DOC/DPF and SCR together.