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Build & QuoteCompact Excavators and Their Uses
Compact (Mini) Excavator Buyer’s Guide: Part 1 of 6
Learn the basics about compact excavators, including their advantages and uses across various industries.
What is a Compact (Mini) Excavator?
A compact excavator is a small diesel- or battery-powered tracked or wheeled machine that combines the digging ability of an excavator with the mobility and flexibility of a compact piece of equipment.
Compact excavators are typically equipped with a hydraulic boom and an arm fitted with a bucket, auger, breaker or any one of a variety of attachments, and a cab where the operator sits. Their small size and precise controls make them ideal for countless applications, including construction, landscaping, utility work and demolition projects.
Main Components of Compact Excavator
1. House
Attached to the undercarriage with a swing bearing, the house contains your operator’s cab, engine, hydraulic pump and distribution components. The house and the workgroup rotate or “slew” 360 degrees to provide exceptional agility when working in confined areas where larger machines can’t fit.
2. Undercarriage
The undercarriage includes standard rubber excavator tracks surrounding drive sprockets, rollers and idlers which propel the machine. The most common type of undercarriage for smaller mini excavators is the retractable undercarriage. This H-shaped undercarriage can be retracted to temporarily reduce overall machine width, which is valuable for traveling through small openings or working in tight areas. It should be expanded before doing any work. A fixed excavator undercarriage is typically a little wider than the house structure.
3. Workgroup
The boom, arm and any attachment you add to the machine are all included in the workgroup. Compact excavators are unique in that their workgroup is connected to the front of the house with a “swing frame.” The swing frame can be hydraulically pivoted left or right so you can do offset digging parallel to the excavator tracks.
4. Backfill Blade
Hydraulically activated and controlled from inside the excavator cab, the backfill blade is connected to the undercarriage and used for grading, leveling, backfilling and dozing. It can also be used as a stabilizer for the machine depending on its position. An angle blade option is ideal if you need to backfill and grade quickly. This option lets you angle the excavator’s backfill blade 25 degrees left or right to direct soil from one side to the other.
Boom Configuration Options
The primary component of the workgroup (#3) that’s attached to the house, the boom supports the arm and attachment. There are three main boom configurations:
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Swing Boom
Most mini excavators are equipped with a swing boom, which is connected to a swing frame and then to the machine frame using a horizontal pin. The swing boom can be moved up and down as well as hydraulically pivoted left or right, independent of the house.
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Knuckle Boom (Articulating Boom)
Mounted directly to the frame, the knuckle boom is a variation of the fixed boom. It’s a multi-piece boom that only moves up and down. The outer part hydraulically swings left or right, but the arm stays parallel to the machine.
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Fixed Boom
Mounted directly to the frame, a fixed boom can’t move left or right, so you can only dig in front of the excavator. This is a common configuration on full-size excavators.
Compact Excavator Arms
Bobcat compact excavators are available with various arm configurations to suit specific applications and job-site requirements. For example, an extendable arm option allows you to use the power and lifting performance of a standard-length arm, but it also provides additional reach on demand for specific tasks.
Choose from three types of compact excavator arms:
- Standard arm
- Long arm
- Extendable arm
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Advantages of Compact Excavators
Compact excavators offer several advantages over their full-size counterparts. Advantages of compact excavators include:
- High maneuverability and accessibility in tight spaces.
- Lower ownership and operating costs with reduced fuel consumption and maintenance expenses.
- Low ground disturbance due to their lighter footprint.
- Lighter environmental impact with lower noise levels and availability of battery-powered models that produce no emissions.
- Easier to transport as compact excavators can usually be towed on a trailer behind a pickup truck or larger vehicle.
- Highly versatile with a wide range of attachments for various tasks.
Factors in Choosing the Right Compact Excavator
It’s important to select the right compact excavator for your needs. The ideal excavator will meet the specific requirements of the tasks you’ll undertake while providing the best value for your investment.
Some factors to consider when choosing a compact excavator include:
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Machine size: What is the minimum or maximum size of compact excavator required for the type of work you’ll be doing?
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Digging depth: Consider the depth you might need to reach when digging ditches, ponds, holes or trenches with a compact excavator.
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Lifting capacity: Choose an excavator with the capacity to lift specific materials, like construction debris or heavy soil.
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Availability of attachments for specific tasks: Need extra precision for demolition, agricultural or forestry tasks? Consider attachments that could amplify your productivity.
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Job-site/Application uses: Consider what your most common job-site uses are for an excavator.
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Find A DealerVersatile Uses of Compact Excavators Across Various Industries
Compact excavators have proven to be versatile and valuable tools across a wide range of industries. Their compact size, range of attachments and ability to work in tight spaces make them ideal for various tasks, from construction and landscaping to agriculture and mining.
Construction
Versatile and nimble, compact excavators have become an indispensable tool in the construction industry. Their small size and precise digging capabilities make them ideal for tackling a wide range of residential and commercial construction tasks, from excavating foundations to clearing debris.
Construction Applications & Uses
Excavating for Foundations and Footings
When laying the groundwork for a new building, compact excavators excel at excavating foundations and footings. Their compact size allows them to navigate tight spaces and dig with precision, making them ideal for both residential and commercial projects.
Trenching for Utilities and Drainage Systems
Compact excavators are perfect for digging trenches for utilities and drainage systems. Their maneuverability allows operators to work around existing infrastructure while minimizing disruption to surrounding areas. Various attachments and systems, such as depth check, can be utilized to enhance operator efficiency while performing precise work that requires maintaining a grade or ensuring minimal coverage.
Backfilling and Grading
After excavation or trenching, compact excavators can be used for backfilling and grading. Equipped with the appropriate attachments, they can efficiently distribute soil and other materials to create a stable and level surface for further construction.
Site Preparation and Clearing
Compact excavators are invaluable for site preparation and clearing tasks. They can remove debris, stumps and other obstacles to create a clean and level surface for construction. Additionally, they can be used to clear and maintain access to construction sites.
Demolition of Small Structures
With the right attachments, compact excavators can be used for the demolition of small structures. Their compact size and powerful capabilities make them ideal for breaking down walls, removing concrete and sorting materials for recycling.
Material Handling and Loading
Compact excavators can be equipped with various attachments for material handling and loading tasks. They can move and transport materials, such as soil, gravel and debris, increasing efficiency on construction sites.
Installing and Repairing Underground Infrastructure
When installing and repairing underground infrastructure, compact excavators provide the precision and maneuverability required to take on these tasks. They can excavate access points, trenches and other necessary areas while minimizing disruption to surrounding structures.
Concrete and Asphalt Cutting and Removal
With specialized attachments, compact excavators can be used for breaking and removing concrete and asphalt, streamlining tasks such as road repairs and demolition projects.
Installing and Maintaining Retaining Walls and Erosion Control Systems
Compact excavators can be used to install and maintain retaining walls and erosion control systems. Their precise digging capabilities make them ideal for creating trenches and channels for these structures.
Clearing and Maintaining Access to Construction Sites
To keep construction sites accessible, compact excavators can be used for clearing debris and maintaining access points, ensuring continued operations throughout the project.
Assisting in Emergency Repairs and System Maintenance
In an emergency, such as a water main break or a gas leak, compact excavators can be rapidly deployed to assist with repairs and system maintenance. Their versatility and efficiency make them invaluable tools in addressing critical maintenance issues and minimizing downtime.
Landscaping
Versatile and powerful, compact excavators are ideal for numerous landscaping tasks, from excavating garden beds to installing hardscape elements. Their low ground pressure makes them suitable for working on delicate surfaces, such as established lawns, without causing extensive damage.
Landscaping Applications & Uses
Excavating and Grading for Garden Beds, Lawns and Patios
Compact excavators are perfect for excavating and grading areas for garden beds, lawns and patios. Their compact size allows them to access tight spaces, and their precise digging capabilities make it easy to create level surfaces for planting or hardscape installation.
Installing and Maintaining Irrigation Systems
With the right attachments, compact excavators can be used to install and maintain irrigation systems. They can dig trenches for pipes and support the installation of sprinklers and other irrigation components.
Removing Tree Stumps and Roots
Compact excavators can make quick work of tree stump and root removal. Equipped with a specialized attachment, they can easily grind down stumps and remove roots without causing damage to the surrounding landscape.
Digging Trenches for Drainage Systems
Compact excavators are ideal for digging trenches for drainage systems. Their smaller size and precise digging capabilities make it easy to create trenches of the appropriate depth and width.
Moving and Placing Landscape Materials
Compact excavators can be used to move and place landscape materials, such as soil, mulch and gravel. Their maneuverability and power make transporting materials around the job site easy, improving efficiency and reducing labor costs.
Creating and Maintaining Ponds and Water Features
With their precise digging capabilities, compact excavators are perfect for creating and maintaining ponds and water features. They can be used to excavate, shape ponds, and help with the installation of pumps and filtration systems.
Constructing and Maintaining Retaining Walls
Compact excavators can be used to construct and maintain retaining walls. They can excavate and grade for wall construction, move and place materials, and help with the installation of drainage systems.
Installing Hardscape Elements
Compact excavators can be used to install hardscape elements, such as pathways, patios and steps. They can excavate and grade the area, move and place materials, and help with the installation of pavers, stones and other hardscape materials.
Land Clearing and Site Preparation
Compact excavators can be used for land clearing and site preparation tasks. They can remove debris, vegetation and other obstacles to create a clean and level surface for landscaping projects.
Creating and Shaping Berms, Swales and Other Landscape Features
Compact excavators are ideal for creating and shaping landscape features, such as berms, swales and mounds. Their precise digging capabilities make it easy to create these features with the desired shape and size.
Erosion Control and Slope Stabilization
Compact excavators can be used for erosion control and slope stabilization tasks. They can excavate and grade areas, install erosion control materials, and help with the construction of retaining walls and other stabilization structures.
Assisting in the Installation and Maintenance of Fences and Gates
Compact excavators can assist in the installation and maintenance of fences and gates. They can dig post holes, move materials, and help with the installation of fence posts and gates.
Agriculture
Compact excavators have proven to be invaluable tools for agricultural operations, offering versatility and efficiency in tackling a wide range of tasks. From digging irrigation channels to moving and placing seed and fertilizer containers, compact excavators can help improve productivity and streamline processes on the farm.
Agricultural Applications & Uses
Digging Irrigation Channels and Ditches
Proper irrigation is crucial for the success of any agricultural operation. Compact excavators can be used to dig irrigation channels and ditches quickly and efficiently. Their compact size and precise digging capabilities allow them to create channels of the appropriate depth and width, ensuring optimal water flow to crops.
Land Clearing and Field Preparation
Compact excavators can be used for land clearing and field preparation, removing rocks, vegetation and other obstacles to create a clean and level surface. Their powerful digging capabilities can also help break up compacted soil, improving soil quality and promoting healthy crop growth.
Installing and Maintaining Fences and Farm Infrastructure
Fences and other farm infrastructure, such as gates and barns, are essential for the proper functioning of an agricultural operation. Compact excavators can assist with the installation and maintenance of these structures, digging post holes, moving materials and helping with the construction process.
Tree and Stump Removal
Removing trees and stumps can be a challenging task on any farm. Compact excavators equipped with specialized attachments can make quick work of tree and stump removal, grinding down stumps and removing roots without causing damage to the surrounding landscape.
Excavating for Animal Shelters and Feed Storage
Compact excavators can be used to excavate areas for animal shelters and feed storage facilities. Their compact size and precise digging capabilities make it easy to create level surfaces and excavate the necessary areas for construction.
Harvesting Assistance and Post-Harvest Cleanup
Compact excavators can be valuable assets during the harvest season, assisting with tasks such as crop gathering and post-harvest cleanup. With the right attachments, they can be used to move and load harvested crops, helping to speed up the harvesting process and reduce labor costs. After harvest, compact excavators can be used to clean up crop residue and debris, ensuring fields are ready for the next planting season.
Utilities
Compact excavators have emerged as a go-to solution for many utility companies thanks to their adaptability to various job-site conditions. Their compact size allows them to work in tight spaces, such as urban environments or near existing structures, without causing disruption.
Utilities Applications & Uses
Trenching for Utility Lines
One of the most common tasks in utility work is trenching for water, gas and electrical lines. Compact excavators are ideal for this type of work due to their precise digging capabilities and ability to create trenches of the appropriate depth and width. Their compact size also allows them to access confined spaces and work in areas with limited space.
Excavating for Access Points, Manholes and Utility Vaults
Compact excavators can be used to excavate areas for access points, manholes and utility vaults. Their precise digging capabilities make it easy to create the necessary excavations without damaging surrounding infrastructure or disrupting service.
Installing and Repairing Underground Infrastructure
Compact excavators can power attachments to assist with the installation and repair of underground infrastructure. Their compact size and maneuverability enable them to access tight spaces and work efficiently in challenging job-site conditions.
Clearing and Maintaining Access to Utility Corridors
Utility corridors often require regular maintenance to ensure access for service crews. Compact excavators can be used for clearing vegetation, debris and other obstacles that may impede access to these corridors.
Telecommunications and Fiber-Optic Cable Installation
Compact excavators have become increasingly popular for telecommunications and fiber-optic cable installation projects. Their ability to dig precise trenches for cable placement, as well as their maneuverability in tight spaces, makes them an ideal choice for these types of projects.
Demolition
The use of compact excavators in demolition projects is becoming increasingly common due to their ability to work in confined spaces and easily maneuver around obstacles. They can be equipped with specialized attachments, like hydraulic breakers, grapples and shears, to tear down structures, remove debris and recycle materials.
Demolition Applications & Uses
Demolishing Small Structures
Compact excavators, when equipped with appropriate attachments such as hydraulic breakers, can be used to demolish small structures like sheds, garages or small concrete walls. Their compact size allows them to access tight spaces and easily maneuver around the demolition site, making the process more efficient and controlled.
Removing Debris
After a demolition, compact excavators can be fitted with grapple or bucket attachments to effectively remove and clear debris from the site. Their ability to navigate in confined spaces and efficiently sort through rubble makes them an excellent choice for debris removal and site cleanup.
Sorting and Separating Materials
Compact excavators, when equipped with specialized attachments like grapples, can efficiently sort and separate different types of material during and after demolition. This capability allows for the proper recycling and disposal of materials, which can reduce environmental impact and help save on waste management costs.
Indoor Demolition
Battery-powered or electric compact excavators are great for indoor demolition work, as they produce zero emissions and are quiet. This allows these types of machines to work in areas that may have noise restrictions or in areas where additional ventilation equipment would be required to remove exhaust fumes.
Road Work
Road construction and maintenance often require excavation, grading and material handling, making compact excavators a versatile option for use in these projects. They can be used for tasks such as digging trenches for utilities, grading surfaces and clearing debris.
Mining and Extraction
Compact excavators play a vital role in mining and extraction operations, where their compact size and maneuverability enable them to access confined spaces and perform tasks such as material handling, digging and grading. They can also be equipped with specialized attachments like hydraulic hammers for breaking rocks and augers for drilling holes.
Waterways
Compact excavators are commonly used to maintain waterways, such as canals, rivers and ponds. Their compact size and maneuverability make them ideal for tasks like dredging, bank stabilization and clearing debris.
Septic Systems
Installing and maintaining septic systems often requires excavation and material handling, making compact excavators an ideal choice for these applications. They can be used to dig the necessary holes and trenches, place septic tanks and leach fields, and backfill when the job is complete.
Other Applications
Compact excavators are versatile machines with virtually countless applications, far too many to include in this guide, but here’s a few more common uses.
Residential Projects
A compact excavator can be an essential tool for many residential upgrades, renovations and installations – either by ambitious do-it-yourselfers or hired contractors. Compact excavators are popular equipment for installing swimming pools and hot tubs, creating retaining walls, or excavating patios and decks.
Environmental Remediation
Over the years, compact excavators have proven their worth as a land management tool for renewing natural areas or restoring the environment to its prior condition after industrial use. Compact excavators are useful for excavating contaminated soil, installing erosion control measures and restoring natural habitats for wildlife.
Natural Disaster Response
Reliable and versatile equipment is a valuable part of an effective natural disaster recovery. Compact excavators are an ideal machine for clearing debris after natural disasters, digging trenches for flood control, and assisting in search and rescue operations.
Rental Industry
With their versatility and convenience for various projects, compact excavators are a mainstay of independent rental stores and rental counters at equipment dealerships. Many contractors rent compact equipment before they buy or use a compact excavator rental to assist with their short-term equipment needs. Compact excavators are also a powerful, easy-to use machine for many DIY projects.
Golf Courses and Parks
Golf courses and parks frequently use compact excavators for various tasks, including digging and shaping water features, installing and repairing drainage systems, or maintaining and improving landscapes and pathways.
Urban Renewal and Infrastructure Projects
Because of their power and compact maneuverability, compact excavators are go-to machines for projects in urban areas where space is limited. You can find these machines excavating for underground utilities, demolishing and clearing small structures, and assisting in road construction and repair.
Solar and Wind Energy Installations
The solar and wind segments of the energy industry see more development than ever, and compact excavators are finding their niche, excavating for foundations and anchoring systems, trenching for cables and electrical connections, and preparing and cleaning job sites.
Beach and Shoreline Management
With their long reach and ample power, compact excavators are ideally suited for beach and shoreline management applications. They are used for erosion control and dune restoration, seawall construction and repair, in addition to beach nourishment and sand renewal.
Cemetery Management
The compact excavator is an essential tool of cemetery management, thanks to their ability to quickly complete grave digging and plot preparation. They are also used for maintenance and landscaping, as well as for the installation of headstones and monuments.
Railway Maintenance and Construction
Railway maintenance and construction provide numerous opportunities for compact excavators to simplify hard jobs. They are used regularly for excavating tracks, clearing debris and vegetation, and repairing and maintaining drainage systems.
Tunneling and Underground Construction
The ability of compact excavators to bring powerful performance into tight spaces is ideal for tunneling and underground construction. Compact excavators are used for excavating tunnel entrances and exits, creating access points for underground utilities, and assisting in the installation of support structures.
Wildlife Management and Conservation
Compact excavators are nimble and less disruptive than big, heavy machines, making them a popular choice for wildlife management and conservation. Compact excavators are used to create and maintain wildlife habitats, install and repair fencing and enclosures, and to excavate for water sources and wetland restoration.
Historical Site Preservation and Archaeological Projects
For historical site preservation and archeological projects, compact excavators have the precision necessary to do gentle excavation during artifact recovery. They are also ideal for site preparation, site maintenance and installation of protective measures for preserving sensitive areas.
Fire Breaks and Wildfire Prevention
With the prevalence of wildfires in recent years, compact excavators have proven themselves as one of the most-used pieces of equipment for clearing vegetation to create fire breaks, excavating for water sources and firefighting access, maintaining and restoring damaged landscapes, and other wildfire prevention and fire break work.
Recreation and Sports Facilities
Compact excavators are ideal for excavating playgrounds, sports fields and courts, and installing and maintaining drainage systems. Landscaping and site preparation are also common tasks for compact excavators in recreation and sports facilities.
Pipeline Installation and Maintenance
Compact excavators make trenching for pipeline installation look easy, and after the initial construction is done, compact excavators assist with ongoing pipeline maintenance, such as clearing and maintaining access areas for inspections or repairing and replacing damaged sections.
Emergency Response and Search and Rescue Operations
Emergency response teams as well as search and rescue operations employ the versatility of compact excavators for clearing debris and rubble, excavating temporary shelters and facilities, and assisting in rebuilding efforts or infrastructure repair.
Foundation Repair and Waterproofing
With their ability to dig fast and fit into a wide variety of job sites, compact excavators are ideal for foundation repair and waterproofing contractors. They excavate for foundation repair and reinforcement, install and maintain waterproofing systems, and clear dirt for installing or repairing drainage systems.
Environmental Remediation and Brownfield Redevelopment
Environmental remediation and brownfield redevelopment are popular applications for compact excavators. They prove useful when excavating for contaminated soil removal, assisting in the installation of remediation systems, in addition to site preparation and cleanup for redevelopment.
Summary
Compact excavators bring maneuverability, versatility, low ground disturbance and many other advantages to the job site. As a result, these machines are indispensable tools across many industries and applications. With a variety of machine sizes, dig depths and lift capacities offered in the compact excavator market, along with precise controls and a wide range of attachments, these machines continue to revolutionize the way people work. With new innovations, including excavators powered by lithium-ion batteries, owners and operators will continue finding new ways to get the job done.
Continue the Compact Excavators Buyer's Guide
- What Is a Compact (Mini) Excavator & Their Uses
- Exploring Excavator Sizes and Specifications
- Key Factors When Choosing a Compact Excavator
- Features and Options of Compact Excavators
- Attachments for Compact Excavators
- Compact Excavators Service & Maintenance